SCRUTATIO

Venerdi, 17 luglio 2026 - San Alessio ( Letture di oggi)

Secondo libro dei Maccabei 4


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BIBBIA RICCIOTTIRevised Standard Version Catholic Edition
1 - Quel medesimo Simone che aveva tradito la patria e svelata l’esistenza del tesoro, sparlava di Onia, quasi avesse egli istigato Eliodoro, e fosse stato causa di quei mali1 The previously mentioned Simon, who had informed about the money against his own country, slandered Onias, saying that it was he who had incited Heliodorus and had been the real cause of the misfortune.
2 e così osava chiamar insidiatore del regno quegli che era la provvidenza della sua città, il difensore della sua nazione, lo zelatore della legge di Dio.2 He dared to designate as a plotter against the government the man who was the benefactor of the city, the protector of his fellow countrymen, and a zealot for the laws.
3 Ora, poiché le Inimicizie crescevano a tal segno che da alcuni satelliti di Simone furon anche commessi omicidi,3 When his hatred progressed to such a degree that even murders were committed by one of Simon's approved agents,
4 considerando Onia il pericolo della discordia, e come Apollonio, in qualità di prefetto della Celesiria e della Fenicia, insanamente fomentava la malizia di Simone, ricorse al re,4 Onias recognized that the rivalry was serious and that Apollonius, the son of Menestheus and governor of Coelesyria and Phoenicia, was intensifying the malice of Simon.
5 non come accusatore dei concittadini ma in vista del comune vantaggio di tutta la nazione.5 So he betook himself to the king, not accusing his fellow citizens but having in view the welfare, both public and private, of all the people.
6 Vedeva infatti che senza un intervento del re, era impossibile rimetter le cose in pace, e ritrarre Simone dalla sua empietà.6 For he saw that without the king's attention public affairs could not again reach a peaceful settlement, and that Simon would not stop his folly.
7 Ma essendo morto [il re] Seleuco, ed avendo assunto il regno Antioco detto il Nobile, Giasone fratello d * Onia ambiva il sommo sacerdozio.7 When Seleucus died and Antiochus who was called Epiphanes succeeded to the kingdom, Jason the brother of Onias obtained the high priesthood by corruption,
8 Presentatosi al re, gli promise treccntosessanta talenti di argento, e su altri cespiti altri ottanta;8 promising the king at an interview three hundred and sixty talents of silver and, from another source of revenue, eighty talents.
9 inoltre, gliene prometteva altri centocinquanta, se gli dava facoltà di erigersi un ginnasio ed una efebia, e di conferire la cittadinanza antiochena a quei di Gerusalemme.9 In addition to this he promised to pay one hundred and fifty more if permission were given to establish by his authority a gymnasium and a body of youth for it, and to enrol the men of Jerusalem as citizens of Antioch.
10 Avendo ciò ottenuto dal re, e conseguito il principato, subito si mise a tirar i suoi connazionali ai costumi de’gentili.10 When the king assented and Jason came to office, he at once shifted his countrymen over to the Greek way of life.
11 Messe da parte le concessioni che i re avevan fatto a titolo di benevolenza a’ Giudei, per mezzo di Giovanni, padre di quell’ Eupolemo che fu mandato ambasciatore ai Romani per far con loro società ed alleanza, calpestando i legittimi diritti de’cittadini, introduceva usanze perverse.11 He set aside the existing royal concessions to the Jews, secured through John the father of Eupolemus, who went on the mission to establish friendship and alliance with the Romans; and he destroyed the lawful ways of living and introduced new customs contrary to the law.
12 Ardi infatti di istituire un ginnasio sotto la stessa cittadella, e di mettere nei lupanari i giovinetti migliori.12 For with alacrity he founded a gymnasium right under the citadel, and he induced the noblest of the young men to wear the Greek hat.
13 Questo non era già il principio ma una conseguenza ed un accrescimento del modo di vivere gentilesco e straniero, dovuto alla nefanda ed inaudita scelleratezza dell’empio falso sacerdote Giasone.13 There was such an extreme of Hellenization and increase in the adoption of foreign ways because of the surpassing wickedness of Jason, who was ungodly and no high priest,
14 Talmente che i sacerdoti non attendevano agli uffici, correvano a prender parte a’ giuochi della palestra, alle sue illecite attrattive, ed agli esercizi del disco;14 that the priests were no longer intent upon their service at the altar. Despising the sanctuary and neglecting the sacrifices, they hastened to take part in the unlawful proceedings in the wrestling arena after the call to the discus,
15 e reputando per nulla quel che i loro padri avevano onorato, stimavano migliori le glorie dei Greci.15 disdaining the honors prized by their fathers and putting the highest value upon Greek forms of prestige.
16 Per amor delle quali facevano tra di loro pericolose gare, volendo emulare le istituzioni e farsi in tutto simili a quelli ch’erano stati i loro nemici e distruttori.16 For this reason heavy disaster overtook them, and those whose ways of living they admired and wished to imitate completely became their enemies and punished them.
17 Agire invero da empii contro le leggi divine, non si fa impunemente, ed il tempo avvenire lo dimostrerà.17 For it is no light thing to show irreverence to the divine laws -- a fact which later events will make clear.
18 Celebrandosi dunque in Tiro i giuochi quinquennali alla presenza del re,18 When the quadrennial games were being held at Tyre and the king was present,
19 l’empio Giasone mandò da Gerusalemme uomini iniqui, a portarvi trecento dramme d’argento, per sacrifizi ad Ercole; quelli però che le avevano portate, chiesero che non andassero spese nei sacrifizi, non stando ciò bene, ma fossero destinate ad altro uso.19 the vile Jason sent envoys, chosen as being Antiochian citizens from Jerusalem, to carry three hundred silver drachmas for the sacrifice to Hercules. Those who carried the money, however, thought best not to use it for sacrifice, because that was inappropriate, but to expend it for another purpose.
20 Erano veramente state offerte per il sacrifizio di Ercole, da chi le avevano mandate; ma per riguardo ai latori furon impiegate nella costruzione di navi triremi.20 So this money was intended by the sender for the sacrifice to Hercules, but by the decision of its carriers it was applied to the construction of triremes.
21 Antioco poi, avendo Inviato in Egitto Apollonio figlio di Mnesteo a causa della prima proclamazione come re del re Tolomeo Filometore, accortosi d’esser ormai considerato estraneo agli affari di quel regno, per provveder al proprio vantaggio se ne parti, e venne in Joppe, e quindi in Gerusalemme.21 When Apollonius the son of Menestheus was sent to Egypt for the coronation of Philometor as king, Antiochus learned that Philometor had become hostile to his government, and he took measures for his own security. Therefore upon arriving at Joppa he proceeded to Jerusalem.
22 Accolto magnificamente da Giasone e dai cittadini, entrò al lume delle fiaccole e tra canti di lode. Di li poi volse l’esercito nella Fenicia.22 He was welcomed magnificently by Jason and the city, and ushered in with a blaze of torches and with shouts. Then he marched into Phoenicia.
23 Tre anni dopo, Giasone mandò Menelao, fratello del sopra nominato Simone, al re, a portargli danari e riceverne risposta su affari importanti.23 After a period of three years Jason sent Menelaus, the brother of the previously mentioned Simon, to carry the money to the king and to complete the records of essential business.
24 Ma quegli, ingraziositosi il re con l’esaltare la sua potenza, ed offrendo trecento talenti d’argento più che Giasone, ritorse su se medesimo il sommo pontificato,24 But he, when presented to the king, extolled him with an air of authority, and secured the high priesthood for himself, outbidding Jason by three hundred talents of silver.
25 e ricevutane dal re l'investitura tornò, nulla avendo di degno del sacerdozio, e portando anzi in sè le disposizioni di un crudele tiranno, e l’ira d’una bestia selvaggia.25 After receiving the king's orders he returned, possessing no qualification for the high priesthood, but having the hot temper of a cruel tyrant and the rage of a savage wild beast.
26 Giasone pertanto, che aveva soppiantato il proprio fratello, tradito ora egli stesso e fuggiasco, fu cacciato nel paese degli Ammoniti.26 So Jason, who after supplanting his own brother was supplanted by another man, was driven as a fugitive into the land of Ammon.
27 Menelao poi ebbe si il principato; ma di dare al re le somme promesse non fece nulla, quando le richiese Sostrato prefetto della cittadella,27 And Menelaus held the office, but he did not pay regularly any of the money promised to the king.
28 al quale spettava l’esazione delle tasse. Perciò furon ambedue citati davanti al re.28 When Sostratus the captain of the citadel kept requesting payment, for the collection of the revenue was his responsibility, the two of them were summoned by the king on account of this issue.
29 Menelao fu rimosso dal sacerdozio, succedendogli Lisimaco suo fratello. Sostrato poi fu mandato prefetto a Cipro.29 Menelaus left his own brother Lysimachus as deputy in the high priesthood, while Sostratus left Crates, the commander of the Cyprian troops.
30 Mentre queste cose accadevano, avvenne che i cittadini di Tarso e di Mallo si ribellarono, perchè erano stati assegnati in dote ad Antiochide concubina del re.30 While such was the state of affairs, it happened that the people of Tarsus and of Mallus revolted because their cities had been given as a present to Antiochis, the king's concubine.
31 Venne dunque in fretta il re a sedarli, lasciando a sostituirlo Andronico, uno del suoi compagni.31 So the king went hastily to settle the trouble, leaving Andronicus, a man of high rank, to act as his deputy.
32 Menelao allora, giudicando esser venuto per lui il momento opportuno, sottratti dal tempio alcuni arredi d’oro, li dette ad Andronico, ad altri ne vendè in Tiro ed in città vicine.32 But Menelaus, thinking he had obtained a suitable opportunity, stole some of the gold vessels of the temple and gave them to Andronicus; other vessels, as it happened, he had sold to Tyre and the neighboring cities.
33 Il che avendo con tutta certezza risaputo Onta, ne lo rimproverava, stando però In luogo sicuro a Dafne presso Antiochia.33 When Onias became fully aware of these acts he publicly exposed them, having first withdrawn to a place of sanctuary at Daphne near Antioch.
34 Menelao dunque ricorse ad Andronico, e gli chiese che mettesse a morte Onia. E quegli venuto ad Onia, e datesi con giuramento le destre, sebbene gli fosse sospetto, lo persuase ad uscire dal luogo d’asilo, e subito l’uccise senza riguardo alla giustizia.34 Therefore Menelaus, taking Andronicus aside, urged him to kill Onias. Andronicus came to Onias, and resorting to treachery offered him sworn pledges and gave him his right hand, and in spite of his suspicion persuaded Onias to come out from the place of sanctuary; then, with no regard for justice, he immediately put him out of the way.
35 Della qual cosa s’indignarono non solo i Giudei, ma anche le altre genti, e non potevan sopportare l'ingiusta uccisione d’un tant’uomo.35 For this reason not only Jews, but many also of other nations, were grieved and displeased at the unjust murder of the man.
36 Perciò, tornato il re dai luoghi dalla Cilicia, gli si presentarono insieme In Antiochia e Giudei e Greci, protestando contro l’iniqua uccisione d'Onia.36 When the king returned from the region of Cilicia, the Jews in the city appealed to him with regard to the unreasonable murder of Onias, and the Greeks shared their hatred of the crime.
37 Contristato dunque nell’animo Antioco a causa d'Onia e mosso a compassione, pianse su lui ricordando la saviezza e modestia del defunto;37 Therefore Antiochus was grieved at heart and filled with pity, and wept because of the moderation and good conduct of the deceased;
38 poi, acceso di sdegno, comandò che Andronico spogliato della porpora fosse condotto in giro per tutta la città, e che nel luogo stesso ove il sacrilego aveva commesso sopra Onia quell'iniquità, fosse messo a morte, ricevendo cosi da Dio la meritata pena.38 and inflamed with anger, he immediately stripped off the purple robe from Andronicus, tore off his garments, and led him about the whole city to that very place where he had committed the outrage against Onias, and there he dispatched the bloodthirsty fellow. The Lord thus repaid him with the punishment he deserved.
39 Ora, essendo stati perpetrati da Lisimaco nel tempio molti sacrilegi ad istigazione di Menelao e sparsane la voce, il popolo insorse contro Lisimaco che aveva già trafugato molt’oro.39 When many acts of sacrilege had been committed in the city by Lysimachus with the connivance of Menelaus, and when report of them had spread abroad, the populace gathered against Lysimachus, because many of the gold vessels had already been stolen.
40 Tumultuando la turba, ed essendo irritati gli animi, Lisimaco armò circa tremila uomini, con a capo un certo tiranno avanzato del pari in età e in malizia, e cominciò a far violenze.40 And since the crowds were becoming aroused and filled with anger, Lysimachus armed about three thousand men and launched an unjust attack, under the leadership of a certain Auranus, a man advanced in years and no less advanced in folly.
41 Ma quando gli altri videro il tentativo di Lisimaco, chi prese sassi e chi nodosi bastoni, e chi gettava contro Lisimaco della polvere.41 But when the Jews became aware of Lysimachus' attack, some picked up stones, some blocks of wood, and others took handfuls of the ashes that were lying about, and threw them in wild confusion at Lysimachus and his men.
42 Così molti furon feriti, molti anche uccisi, e tutti gli altri messi in fuga; lui stesso, il sacrilego, fu ucciso presso l’erario.42 As a result, they wounded many of them, and killed some, and put them all to flight; and the temple robber himself they killed close by the treasury.
43 Di tutte queste cose fu cominciato ad accusare Menelao.43 Charges were brought against Menelaus about this incident.
44 E venuto il re in Tiro, a lui fu deferito l’affare da tre uomini spediti a ciò dagli anziani [di Gerusalemme].44 When the king came to Tyre, three men sent by the senate presented the case before him.
45 Menelao, vistosi a mal partito promise a Tolomeo di dargli molti danari se riuscisse a persuadere il re [in suo favore].45 But Menelaus, already as good as beaten, promised a substantial bribe to Ptolemy son of Dorymenes to win over the king.
46 Tolomeo dunque, se ne andò dal re in un vestibolo come per prender aria, e lo rimosse dalla sua sentenza ;46 Therefore Ptolemy, taking the king aside into a colonnade as if for refreshment, induced the king to change his mind.
47 ed il re assolvè da ogni delitto quel Menelao reo d’ogni iniquità, e quei [tre] miseri, i quali, anche se avessero perorato la loro causa innanzi agli Sciti, sarebbero stati giudicati innocenti, li condannò a morte.47 Menelaus, the cause of all the evil, he acquitted of the charges against him, while he sentenced to death those unfortunate men, who would have been freed uncondemned if they had pleaded even before Scythians.
48 Così senza indugio subirono l’ingiusta pena quelli che avevan difesa la causa della loro città e nazione, e de’ sacri arredi.48 And so those who had spoken for the city and the villages and the holy vessels quickly suffered the unjust penalty.
49 Della qual cosa indignati gli stessi cittadini di Tiro, dettero loro una magnifica sepoltura.49 Therefore even the Tyrians, showing their hatred of the crime, provided magnificently for their funeral.
50 Menelao intanto, per l’avarizia di quelli ch'erano al potere, si manteneva In autorità, e cresceva in malizia a danno de' cittadini.50 But Menelaus, because of the cupidity of those in power, remained in office, growing in wickedness, having become the chief plotter against his fellow citizens.